Strokovni izrazi: računovodstvo - knjigovodstvo
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- Category: Druge podstrani
- Published: Monday, 05 November 2012 11:02
FINANČNI RAČUN
Finančni račun plačilne bilance sestavljajo: bilanca neposrednih naložb, bilanca naložb v vrednostne papirje, bilanca drugih naložb (posojila in trgovinski krediti, valuta in vloge, drugo) in spremembe mednarodnih rezerv.
TEKOČI TRANSFERJI
Tekoči transferji tekočega računa plačilne bilance zajemajo vse realne vire in finančne postavke, zagotovljene brez kakršnega koli nadomestila iz enega v drugo gospodarstvo. Tekoči transferji neposredno vplivajo na raven razpoložljivega dohodka v gospodarstvu in na porabo blaga in storitev.
OBRESTI
Obresti kot dohodek so vsak znesek, ki je višji kot vrnjena glavnica, torej tudi bonusi, premije, inflacijski dohodek, tečajne razlike in vsi podobni dohodki, ki izhajajo iz finančno-dolžniškega razmerja. Vsi ti zneski pomenijo obresti.
POTNI NALOGI
Potni nalogi so računovodske listine, ki dokazujejo obstoj službenih potovanj zaposlenih in služijo povračilu davčno priznanih stroškov, ki so jih ti imeli v zvezi s službenim potovanjem. S temi listinami podjetje tudi dokazuje, da gre za davčno priznani odhodek podjetja. Pri potnem nalogu gre običajno za obračun dnevnice (kot nadomestila za povračilo stroškov za prehrano) in prevoznih stroškov (kilometrina, cestnina, parkirnina, prevoz z javnimi sredstvi itd.) na službeni poti.
ZAJAMČENI OSEBNI DOHODEK
Zajamčeni osebni dohodek je dohodek, ki je (iz dela) zajamčen vsakemu delavcu najmanj v višini, ki mu zagotavlja materialno in socialno varnost.
BONITETA
Boniteta je vsaka ugodnost (ne glede na to, ali je v obliki proizvoda, storitve ali v drugi obliki), ki jo podjetje zagotovi zaposlenemu ali njegovemu družinskemu članu.
DOHODNINA
Dohodnina je davek od dohodka fizičnih oseb. V obračunu dohodnine so zajeti vsi obdavčljivi dohodki, ki jih fizična oseba pridobi oziroma doseže v koledarskem letu.
DOBIČEK
Dobiček je razlika med celotnimi prihodki in celotnimi odhodki podjetja, ki rezultira v pozitivnem poslovnem izidu. Nekatera podjetja sicer lahko imajo presežek prihodkov nad odhodki, ne pa nujno tudi dobička (gre za vprašanje davka od dobička in davčno priznanih prihodkov in odhodkov). Dobiček lahko na primer izračunamo tudi kot razliko med končnim in začetnim kapitalom, zmanjšano za neposredne spremembe kapitala (računovodski vidik).
AVTORSKI HONORAR
Avtorski honorar je dohodek, izplačan na podlagi avtorske pogodbe, ki je lahko sklenjena za stvaritev avtorskega dela ali za uporabo avtorskih del.
ODPRAVNINA
Pojem odpravnina pomeni enkratno izplačilo npr. ob prenehanju delovnega razmerja ali ob upokojitvi. Višina odpravnine je odvisna od višine delavčeve plače. S stališča sodne prakse je odpravnina oblika varstva dohodka delavca, ki mu je prenehalo delovno razmerje. Odpravnina se obvezno izplačuje v denarju in ne v kakšni drugi obliki. Delodajalec ni dolžan izplačati odpravnine, če zagotovi varstvo delavca na drugačen način, in sicer z ustrezno zaposlitvijo pri drugem delodajalcu ali z dokupom delovne dobe.
OSNOVNI KAPITAL
Osnovni kapital je tisti del kapitala, ki je nominalno določen v aktu o ustanovitvi družbe. Vplačajo ga lastniki podjetja (družbeniki oziroma delničarji) in je vpisan tudi v ustreznem sodnem registru. Glede na vrsto podjetja lahko osnovni kapital delimo na: delniški kapital (delniška družba), delež v kapitalu (družba z omejeno odgovornostjo), kapitalsko vlogo (družba z enim samim družbenikom).Osnovni delniški kapital se deli na: navadne in prednostne delnice. Odkupljene lastne delnice se navajajo posebej, ker nanje ni vezana glasovalna pravica, prav tako pa se na lastne delnice ne razporeja dobiček.
KREDIT
Kredit je pravni posel in pomeni pogodbeni odnos med banko in stranko, pri katerem se banka zavezuje, da bo dala uporabniku kredita na voljo določen znesek denarnih sredstev za določen ali nedoločen čas, za neki namen ali brez določenega namena. Uporabnik pa se zavezuje, da bo plačeval banki dogovorjene obresti in dobljeni znesek denarja vrnil v določenem času in na način, ki sta določena v pogodbi, ki vsebuje najmanj tri elemente, in sicer: pogoji za nastanek kredita (prepustitev denarja), način uporabe kredita in način vračanja kredita.
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BOOSTING EU ECONOMY
Company Replika in cooperation with four partners has developed an EU Erasmus project which aim is to boost FDI in EU through training of FDI advisors.
Investment projects, real estate investments, education and public auctions of real estates
Replika Invest
znanje za investicije d.o.o.
(knowledge of investment, Ltd.)
EU grants, company representation, business optimization and project management